What an AVIF file actually is
AVIF wraps the royalty-free AV1 video codec as a still-image format. It compresses harder than anything else in wide use — commonly around half the size of an equivalent JPEG — and adds real range: 10- and 12-bit colour, HDR, wide gamut and an alpha channel.
AVIF files come from modern websites and image pipelines that adopted it for the bandwidth saving. Chrome shipped support in 2020 and Safari in 16.4 in 2023, so it is common on the web and rare on the desktop.
What you get from WebP
WebP output uses lossy compression with a quality control, but unlike JPEG it can keep an alpha channel at the same time — one format for photographs and for graphics with transparency.
Every current browser reads WebP; Safari joined in version 14 in 2020, which was the last real holdout. Desktop applications are patchier, so it is a format to publish in rather than to archive in.
What changes when you convert AVIF to WebP
Both formats are lossy, so this is a re-encode rather than a copy: the AVIF is decoded to pixels and those pixels are compressed again as WebP. Detail the original already discarded cannot come back, and the second pass removes a little more. One generation at a sensible quality is not something you will notice, and WebP's efficiency means the result usually lands close to or below the original's size — a rare case where re-encoding does not cost you space.
Transparency survives intact. Both AVIF and WebP carry a full 8-bit alpha channel, so cut-outs, drop shadows and anti-aliased edges convert without a white box appearing behind them, and the result still composites cleanly onto any background colour.
One thing worth checking before you convert: AVIF can store 10- and 12-bit colour, HDR and a wide gamut, and WebP cannot. If the file came from an HDR pipeline it is tone-mapped down to 8-bit SDR here, which is usually invisible on an ordinary screen but flattens the highlight range a display capable of showing it would have used.