What a AVIF file actually is
AVIF wraps the royalty-free AV1 video codec as a still-image format. It compresses harder than anything else in wide use — commonly around half the size of an equivalent JPEG — and adds real range: 10- and 12-bit colour, HDR, wide gamut and an alpha channel.
AVIF files come from modern websites and image pipelines that adopted it for the bandwidth saving. Chrome shipped support in 2020 and Safari in 16.4 in 2023, so it is common on the web and rare on the desktop.
What you get from ICO
ICO is a container that holds one or more small square images, with transparency, for use as an icon. It caps out at 256×256 — anything larger has to be scaled down, and the format is not intended for general pictures.
Every browser requests /favicon.ico by default, with no HTML required, and Windows uses ICO for application and shortcut icons. It is a narrow format that is completely reliable inside its niche.
What changes when you convert AVIF to ICO
An icon is being built here, not a picture converted. The AVIF is decoded, scaled to fit within 256×256 and stored losslessly inside the ICO container — so whatever compression artifacts the original carried are preserved faithfully, then shrunk to the point where nobody will ever see them. Detail is lost to the scaling, which is the intended outcome.
Transparency survives intact. Both AVIF and ICO carry a full 8-bit alpha channel, so cut-outs, drop shadows and anti-aliased edges convert without a white box appearing behind them, and the result still composites cleanly onto any background colour.
ICO cannot exceed 256×256, so anything larger is scaled down to fit while keeping its aspect ratio. Work from a square source if you can — a wide image gets letterboxed into the square, and fine detail disappears entirely at the 16-pixel size a browser tab actually renders.
AVIF sources are usually pulled from a modern web page, which means the file has been compressed hard for bandwidth and may carry 10-bit or HDR colour that an icon has no use for. Both facts stop mattering at 256 pixels: the artifacts vanish along with every other fine detail, and the colour is flattened to ordinary 8-bit. The real risk is resolution — a hero image scaled for a page banner may be wider than it is tall, and cropping it square is where a logo loses its balance.